Journal of Renal Nutrition
Volume 11, Issue 4 , Pages 181-182 , October 2001

The protein metabolite theory as a mechanism for the progression of renal failure

References 

  1. Niwa T, Ise M. Indoxyl sulfate, a circulating uremic toxin, stimulates the progression of glomerular sclerosis. J Lab Clin Med. 1994;124:96–104
  2. Niwa T, Ise M, Miyazaki T. Progression of glomerular sclerosis in experimental uremic rats by administration of indole, a precursor of indoxyl sulfate. Am J Nephrol. 1994;14:207–212
  3. Miyazaki T, Ise M, Seo H, et al.  Indoxyl sulfate increases the gene expressions of TGF-β1, TIMP-1 and proα1(l) collagen in kidneys of uremic rats. Kidney Int. 1997;52(suppl 62):S15–S22
  4. Niwa T, Tsukushi S, Ise M, et al.  Indoxyl sulfate and progression of renal failure: Effects of a low-protein diet and oral sorbent on indoxyl sulfate production in uremic rats and undialyzed uremic patients. Miner Electrol Metab. 1997;23:179–194
  5. Niwa T, Nomura T, Sugiyama S, et al.  The protein metabolite hypothesis, a model for the progression of renal failure: An oral sorbent lowers indoxyl sulfate levels in undialyzed uremic patients. Kidney Int. 1997;52(Suppl 62):S23–S28
  6. Miyazaki T, Aoyama I, Ise M, et al.  An oral sorbent reduces overload of indoxyl sulfate and gene expression of TGF-β1 in uremic rat kidneys. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000;15:1773–1781

PII: S1051-2276(01)30549-6

doi: 10.1016/S1051-2276(01)30549-6

Journal of Renal Nutrition
Volume 11, Issue 4 , Pages 181-182 , October 2001