Journal of Renal Nutrition
Volume 13, Issue 1 , Pages 2-14 , January 2003

History of L-carnitine: Implications for renal disease

  • Mario Matera, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pharmacology 2nd, and the Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Catania, Catania
    • ,
  • Guido Bellinghieri, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nephrology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
    • ,
  • Giuseppe Costantino, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pharmacology 2nd, and the Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Catania, Catania
    • ,
  • Domenico Santoro, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nephrology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
    • ,
  • Menotti Calvani, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nephrology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
    • ,
  • Vincenzo Savica, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nephrology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

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    T. molitor, a parasitic bug of flour.

    T. molitor, a parasitic bug of flour.

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    Structural formula of carnitine.

    Structural formula of carnitine.

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    Carnitine enantiomers (isomeric spatially opposite compounds), called the D- and L- forms.

    Carnitine enantiomers (isomeric spatially opposite compounds), called the D- and L- forms.

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    Mitochondria is surrounded by double highly specialized lipoprotein membranes that limit 2 separate compartments, the inner and the outer chambers.

    Mitochondria is surrounded by double highly specialized lipoprotein membranes that limit 2 separate compartments, the inner and the outer chambers.

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    The mitochondrial CACT and CAT (named A-CoA, CAT) distinguished as external and internal) limit the pool of compartmentalized CoA.

    The mitochondrial CACT and CAT (named A-CoA, CAT) distinguished as external and internal) limit the pool of compartmentalized CoA.

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    The whole transport system of carnitine and its esters from blood as far as the mitochondrial matrix.

    The whole transport system of carnitine and its esters from blood as far as the mitochondrial matrix.

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    The kidney plays an important role in the homeostasis of LC in its ability to reabsorb it almost completely from the glomerular filtrate. Hemodialysis may promote excessive losses because of dialyzer

    The kidney plays an important role in the homeostasis of LC in its ability to reabsorb it almost completely from the glomerular filtrate. Hemodialysis may promote excessive losses because of dialyzer does not allow the carnitine reabsorption.

  • Image Result
    Asthenia and cramps in hemodialysis patients. Treatment: oral carnitine (2 g/d), placebo. (Reproduced with permission by the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. © Am J Clin Nutr. American Society

    Asthenia and cramps in hemodialysis patients. Treatment: oral carnitine (2 g/d), placebo. (Reproduced with permission by the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. © Am J Clin Nutr. American Society for Clinical Nutrition.74)

☆ Address reprint requests to Domenico Santoro, MD, C.da Conte Coop. Sperone is.3 pal. E, 98-168 Messina, Italy.

PII: S1051-2276(02)13411-X

doi: 10.1053/jren.2003.50010

Journal of Renal Nutrition
Volume 13, Issue 1 , Pages 2-14 , January 2003

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