Journal of Renal Nutrition
Volume 19, Issue 2 , Pages 161-166 , March 2009

The Protein Equivalent of Nitrogen Appearance in Critically Ill Acute Renal Failure Patients Undergoing Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

  • Muthusamy V. Ganesan, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Dietetics, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India
    • ,
  • Rajeev A. Annigeri, MD, DNB

      Affiliations

    • Department of Dietetics, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Rajeev A. Annigeri, MD, DNB, Department of Nephrology, Apollo Hospitals, 21 Gream's Lane, Chennai 600 006, India.
    • ,
  • Bhuvaneswari Shankar, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nephrology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India
    • ,
  • Budithi Subba Rao, MD, DNB

      Affiliations

    • Department of Dietetics, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India
    • ,
  • Kowdle C. Prakash, MD, DNB

      Affiliations

    • Department of Dietetics, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India
    • ,
  • Rajagopalan Seshadri, MD, DNB

      Affiliations

    • Department of Dietetics, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India
    • ,
  • Muthu Krishna Mani, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Dietetics, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India

References 

  1. Feinstein EI, Blumenkrantz MJ, Healy H, et al. Clinical and metabolic responses to parenteral nutrition in acute renal failure. A controlled double-blind study. Medicine (Baltimore). 1981;60:24–37
  2. Feinstein EI, Kopple JD, Silberman H, et al. Total parenteral nutrition with high or low nitrogen intakes in patients with acute renal failure. Kidney Int. 1983;24(Suppl 16):S319–S323
  3. Davenport A, Roberts NB. Amino acid losses during continuous high-flux hemofiltration in the critically ill patient. Crit Care Med. 1989;17:1010–1014
  4. Lafrance JP, Leblanc M. Metabolic, electrolytes, and nutritional concerns in critical illness. Crit Care Clin. 2005;21:305–327
  5. Thadhani R, Pascual M, Bonventre JV. Acute renal failure. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1448–1460
  6. Fiaccadori E, Lombardi M, Leonardi S, et al. Prevalence and clinical outcome associated with preexisting malnutrition in acute renal failure: a prospective cohort study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10:581–593
  7. Bergstrom J, Heimburger O, Lindholm B. Calculation of the protein equivalent of total nitrogen appearance from urea appearance, which formula should be used?. Perit Dial Int. 1998;18:467–473
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  11. Ikzler TA. Nutrition and peritoneal dialysis. In:  Mitch WE,  Klahr S editor. Handbook of nutrition and kidney. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005;p. 228–244
  12. Rocco MV, Blumenkrantz MJ. Nutrition. In:  Daugirdas JT,  Blake PG,  Ing TS editor. Handbook of dialysis. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001;p. 420–445
  13. Clark WR, Mueller BA, Kraus MA, et al. Quantification of creatinine kinetic parameters in patients with acute renal failure. Kidney Int. 1998;54:554–560
  14. Chima CS, Meyer L, Hummell AC, et al. Protein catabolic rate in patients with acute renal failure on continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration and total parenteral nutrition. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1993;3:1516–1521
  15. Leblanc M, Garred LJ, Cardinal J, et al. Catabolism in critical illness: estimation from urea nitrogen appearance and creatinine production during continuous renal replacement therapy. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998;32:444–453
  16. Clark WR, Mueller BA, Alaka KJ, et al. A comparison of metabolic control by continuous and intermittent therapies in acute renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1994;4:1413–1420
  17. Macias WL, Alaka KJ, Murphy MH, et al. Impact of nutritional regimen on protein catabolism and nitrogen balance in patients with ARF. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1996;20:56–62
  18. Tremblay R, Ethier J, Querin S, et al. Veno-venous continuous renal replacement therapy for burned patients with acute renal failure. Burns. 2000;26:638–643
  19. Cerra FB, Benitez MR, Blackburn GL, et al. Applied nutrition in ICU patients. A consensus statement of the American College of Chest Physicians. Chest. 1997;111:769–778
  20. Druml W. Nutritional support in acute renal failure. In:  Mitch WE,  Klahr S editor. Handbook of nutrition and kidney. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005;p. 95–114
  21. Fiaccadori E, Maggiore U, Rotelli C, et al. Effects of different energy intakes on nitrogen balance in patients with acute renal failure: a pilot study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005;20:1976–1980
  22. Scheinkestel CD, Kar L, Marshall K, et al. Prospective randomized trial to assess caloric and protein needs of critically Ill, anuric, ventilated patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy. Nutrition. 2003;19:909–916
  23. Bellomo R, Tan HK, Bhonagiri S, et al. High protein intake during continuous hemodiafiltration; impact on amino acid and nitrogen balance. Int J Artif Organs. 2002;25:261–268

PII: S1051-2276(08)00466-4

doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2008.11.009

Journal of Renal Nutrition
Volume 19, Issue 2 , Pages 161-166 , March 2009

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