Relationship Between Beliefs Regarding a Low Salt Diet in Chronic Renal Failure Patients on Dialysis

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between beliefs regarding a low salt diet and the nutritional behavior of sodium consumption as well their relation with sociodemographic and clinical variables among chronic renal failure (CRF) patients on dialysis.

Design and Methods

This cross-sectional study enrolled a sample of 117 patients who answered the Brazilian version of the Beliefs about Dietary Compliance Scale (BDCS), the sodium frequency food questionnaire, and the use of discretionary salt/day.

Results

The average of total salt consumption was 10.6 g/day (±6.3) and it was positively correlated with the interdialytic weight gain (r = 0.20 P = .032) and negatively correlated with the education level (r = −0.19 P = .044). The Benefits beliefs were discriminatory of the higher and lower salt consumers, and proportionally related to monthly income (r = 0.22 P = .017). The Barriers beliefs were positively correlated only to time on dialysis (r = 0.25 P = .008). Subjects with lower schooling and those of older age tended to consume more discretionary salt (r = −0.27, P = .005; r = 0.23, P = .016, respectively); however, they reported a lower consumption of foods with high salt content (r = 0.25 P = .006; r = −0.27 P = .004).

Conclusions

Educational interventions aimed at reducing salt consumption for this group must include interventions targeted at different behaviors related to overall salt consumption, the specificities of age, and level of schooling of the patients.